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Contents

• Introduction
• Notes on the Contributors
1. Ethnic Conflicts in the Caucasus 1988-1994
   Alexei Zverev
   1. Introduction
   2. Nagorno-Karabakh and the Azeri-Armenian Conflict (1988-94)
   3. Ethnic Conflicts in Georgia
   4. The Ingushi-Ossetian Conflict
   5. Conclusions
   6. Notes

2. Political Turmoil in Georgia and the Ethnic Policies of Zviad Gamsakhurdia
   Ghia Nodia
   1. Introduction
   2. Zviad Gamsakhurdia
   3. The Dictator and his Opposition
   4. Ethnic-Territorial Wars
   5. The Final Stage
   6. Explaining the Civil War
   7. Notes

3. Russia's Security Interests and Policies in the Caucasus Region
   Dimitri Trenin
   1. Introduction
   2. Past Legacy
   3. Russia's Security Interests in the Caucasus
   4. Russian Policies in the Caucasus
   5. Outlook
   6. Notes

4. UN and OSCE Policies in Transcaucasia
   Olivier Paye and Eric Remacle
   1. Introduction
   2. The United Nations
   3. The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
   4. Concluding Comments
   5. Notes

5. Russia's Search for an International Mandate in Transcaucasia
   Dimitri Danilov
   1. Introduction
   2. Stages in the Settlement Process in Transcaucasia
   3. Russia's Role: from Inconsistency to "Special Responsibility"
   4. The Status of Peacekeeping Forces
   5. Notes

6. Russia, Iran and Azerbaijan. The Historic Origins of Iranian Foreign Policy
   Firouzeh Nahavandi
   1. Introduction
   2. National Security and the Problem of Nationalities
   3. The Islamic Revolution and Foreign Policy
   4. Conflicts with Russia in Iranian Historical Memory
   5. Conclusion
   6. Notes

7. Iran's Role as Mediator in the Nagorno-Karabakh Crisis
   Abdollah Ramezanzadeh
   1. Introduction
   2. Regional Geopolitical Consequences of the Collapse of the Soviet Empire
   3. The Collapse of the Soviet Empire and its Geopolitical Consequences for Iran
   4. Iran's Policy on Central Asia and the Caucasus
   5. Iran and the Nagorno-Karabakh Crisis
   6. Motives for Mediation in the Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh
   7. Iran's Mediation
   8. Consequences
   9. Conclusions
   10. Prospects for the Future
   11. Notes

8. Turkey's Policies in Transcaucasia
   Freddy De Pauw
   1. Introduction
   2. Karabakh
   3. Oil Interests
   4. Notes

9. Conclusions : The Caucasus as a Security Complex
   Bruno Coppieters
   1. Introduction
   2. The Unity of the Caucasus Region
   3. Conflicting Regional Perceptions: Russia, Iran, Turkey and the West
   4. Regional Concepts in the Transcaucasus
   5. The Caucasus Region as a Civilizational Area
   6. Ethnic Relations and Political Stability in Russia, Iran and Turkey
   7. Exclusive Interests
   8. Higher and Lower Level Security Complexes
   9. The Specificity of the Caucasus
   10. Notes

Notes on the Contributors

• Alexei Zverev is a free-lance translator in Moscow.
• Ghia Nodia is a professor at the University of Tbilisi.
• Dmitri Trenin and Dmitri Danilov are senior researchers at the Moscow-based Institute of Europe (Russian Academy of Sciences).
• Eric Remacle and Olivier Paye are both researchers who teach at the Université Libre de Bruxelles.
• Firouzeh Nahavandi is an assistant professor at the Université Libre de Bruxelles.
• Abdollah Ramezanzadeh is preparing a doctoral thesis at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
• Freddy De Pauw is a journalist at De Standaard.
• Bruno Coppieters is an assistant professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.